This Fourth National Report (4NR) of Timor-Leste to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was prepared in parallel with the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). As a new party to the CBD, Timor-Leste’s report is a first assessment of its progress towards achieving the 2010 Biodiversity Target, and considers the newly set global targets under the CBD Strategic Plan and the Aichi Targets 2011-2020.